Impact of cooling on shaping ability of thermally treated files in canal models with double curvature.

Background: This study compared the ability of thermally treated files in shaping simulated canals with double curvature. Fifty-six canals were enlarged to a final size of 25 with ProTaper Next (PTN) or ZenFlex (ZF). Materials: Half of the samples were shaped with cooled files (n = 14 each). The amount of removed resin was measured and canal deviation was determined at eight levels. Shaping time and maximum shaping torque values were also recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and LSD, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests at a 0.05 significance level. Results: Compared to PTN and cooled PTN, ZF and cooled ZF required lesser time to shape the canals. The maximum torques were found comparable between the groups. All the groups generated negligible deviations at every canal level evaluated and maintained the canal geometry. Although not significant, the cooled PTN and ZF files exhibited lesser canal deviations than their counterparts. Conclusion: All groups demonstrated similar shaping ability whilst maintaining the original curvature of the canal in simulated canals with double curvature. However, ZF groups were able to shape the canals faster than PTN groups. There was a trend that cooled files made lesser canal deviations compared to their counterparts.

Propuesta del modelo para control de infecciones en la consulta odontológica ante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Proposal for an infection control protocol in the dental consultation against the COVID-19 pandemic

Catalogada su labor como Servicios de Salud Indispensables, el profesional de la odontología se ha mantenido al pendiente de sus pacientes durante la pandemia de COVID-19, brindando atención de urgencia a quien lo solicita. A su regreso a la práctica típica, el odontólogo encontrará un entorno distinto o NUEVA NORMALIDAD, viéndose obligado a hacer modificaciones clínicas pertinentes y preparar a su equipo de trabajo para continuar brindando atención de calidad con un margen de seguridad amplificado, que de igual manera proteja a pacientes y al equipo de trabajo. Ante la falta de una vacuna que brinde protección y de tratamiento específico contra el SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), elevar el nivel de control de infecciones en el consultorio se vuelve ineludible y posiblemente irreversible en el quehacer odontológico cotidiano. En este artículo se propone un Protocolo de Control de Infecciones en la consulta odontológica que permita brindar seguridad en la atención bucal, considerando COVID-19, útil también para control infeccioso de otros patógenos virales o bacterianos (AU)

Considered dentistry as an Indispensable Health Services, during the COVID-19 pandemic the dental professional has been providing mostly emergency care. Upon return to typical dental practice, the dentist will find a different environment or NEW NORMALLY, being forced to make relevant clinical modifications and prepare his team to continue providing quality care with an amplified safety margin, which equally protects patients and dental team. In the absence of an available vaccine that provides protection or a specific treatment against SARSCoV- 2 (COVID-19), raising the level of infection control at the dental office will become unavoidable and possibly irreversible in the future quotidian dental work. This article proposes an Infection Control Protocol for the dental consultation that allows provide safety oral care, considering COVID-19, also useful for other viral or bacterial pathogens control (AU)

Lineamientos de bioseguridad utilizados en las clínicas dentales periféricas de la Universidad de Monterrey durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Biosafety guidelines used in the peripheral dental clinics of the University of Monterrey during the COVID-19 pandemic

El presente artículo tiene como propósito informar sobre los lineamientos que las clínicas dentales periféricas de la Escuela de Odontología de la Universidad de Monterrey (UDEM) han tomado frente a la pandemia actual COVID-19, emergente en la ciudad de Wuhan, China el pasado diciembre 2019. Dichas medidas surgen con el objetivo de cumplir con estándares de bioseguridad que eviten el contagio y/o la contaminación cruzada entre pacientes, profesionales y personal de las clínicas dentales de la UDEM; Clínica de Prevención Dental (CPD) y Clínica de Atención Dental Avanzada (CADA), las cuales permanecerán activas frente a situaciones que requieran atención de urgencia y postergando los tratamientos dentales de rutina. Los protocolos para brindar una atención de urgencia conllevan determinados pasos a seguir desde que el paciente ingresa a la clínica; iniciando con la revisión del expediente electrónico médico por medio de la plataforma Atlas.xp, seguido del llenado de un cuestionario enfocado al riesgo de la enfermedad y culminando con la toma de temperatura con termómetro infrarrojo. Los pacientes que no presenten síntomas y muestren una temperatura inferior a los 37.3 oC podrán ser atendidos bajo la aplicación de todas las medidas de bioseguridad establecidas (medidas de protección personal, de equipo y paciente, mantenimiento de dos metros de distancia en sala de espera, cumplimiento de tiempos de trabajo parciales, uso de lámparas purificadoras de aire distribuidas en las salas operatorias de las clínicas, trabajo asistido o a cuatro manos con la implementación de aislamiento absoluto en el paciente y con la utilización mínima de la pieza de alta velocidad). Asimismo, se menciona que posterior a cada tratamiento y en la culminación de la jornada laboral, todas las áreas y superficies deberán ser sanitizadas con sustancias desinfectantes específicas. Por su parte, el personal deberá portar ropa convencional al salir de las instalaciones y haber realizado un adecuado lavado de manos para evitar al máximo posible la transmisión del virus (AU)

The purpose of this article is to inform about the guidelines that the peripheral dental clinics of the School of Dentistry of the University of Monterrey (UDEM) have taken in the face of the current pandemic COVID-19, emerging in the city of Wuhan, China in the past December 2019. These measures arise with the aim of fulfilling biosafety standards that avoid contagion and/or cross contamination between patients, professionals and staff of UDEM dental clinics; Clínica de Prevención Dental (CPD) and Clínica de Atención Dental Avanzada (CADA), which will remain active in situations that require urgent care and postponing routine dental treatments. The protocols to provide urgent care include certain steps to follow from the moment the patient enters the clinic; starting with the review of the electronic medical record through the Atlas.xp platform, followed by the completion of a questionnaire focused on the risk of the disease and culminating with temperature measurement with an infrared thermometer. Patients who do not present symptoms and show a temperature below 37.3 oC may be treated under the application of all established biosecurity measures (personal, equipment and patient protection measures, maintenance of two meters in the waiting room, compliance with partial work times, use of air purifying lamps distributed in the operating rooms of the clinics, assisted or four-hand work with the implementation of absolute isolation in the patient and with the minimum use of the high-speed handpiece). It is also mentioned that after each treatment and at the end of the working day, all areas and surfaces must be sanitized with specific disinfecting substances. For their part, the personnel must wear conventional clothing when leaving the facilities and have carried out adequate hand washing to avoid transmission of the virus as much as possible (AU)

Mobile Dental Delivery System: An Effective Protocol for Hygiene and Disinfection.

Mobile dental delivery systems (MDDSs) are receiving growing interest for reaching isolated patients, as well as in dental care for fragile and hospitalized patients, with the advantage of being able to be used from room to room or during general anesthesia (GA) in an operating room. Therefore, ensuring the care safety is crucial. The aim of this study was to elaborate and assess an MDDS maintenance protocol, containing the management of dental unit waterlines and adapted to specific conditions such as dental care under GA. A step-by-step protocol was established and implemented for an MDDS used during dental care under GA in children. Samples of the output water were collected at J0, J+1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, and cultured to observe the microbiological quality of the water. All the results (heterotrophic plate count at 22 °C, at 37 °C, and specific pathogenic germs sought) showed an absence of contamination. The protocol presented was effective over time and allowed ensuring the safety of care to be ensured when using MDDS, even during dental procedures under GA. As a result, it could be implemented by any dental care delivery structure wanting to reinforce the safety of its practice.

Laboratorio mecánico dental: norma técnica No. 24-2019 / Dental mechanical laboratory: technical standard No. 24-2019

Este documento tiene como objeto: "la regulación, autorización y control de los laboratorios mecánicos dentales, en concordancia con el Reglamento para la Regulación, Autorización, Acreditación y Control de Establecimientos de Atención para la Salud, Acuerdo Gubernativo 376-2007." Es de carácter obligatorio, por lo que se aplica tanto al sector público, privado, social o subsector de la seguridad social, en todo el territorio nacional. Contiene además, las definiciones de los conceptos relacionados al tema principal, además de la infraestructura que deberá tener cada clínica, incluidos el equipo y recurso humano y técnico.

Patents on hospital medical and dental equipment (EMHO). Question and answer tool.

PURPOSE: To create a question and answer tool on patents on EMHO. METHODS: Was used the Thinking Design methodology divided into four phases: Discovery, Definition, Development and Delivery. Discovery Phase: Desk research was carried out in: SciELO, Pubmed, LILACS, Google and Google Scholar. Once the target audience was selected, the interviews were conducted. Definition Phase: the interviewees' difficulties were mapped, on an Excel spreadsheet. Development Phase: a brainstorming was conducted with the public interviewed. Delivery Phase: the prototype, validation and final elaboration of the tool were made. RESULTS: Discovery Phase: 10 inventors were identified and the interviews were carried out. Definition Phase: 80% of the interviewees determined lack of information as one of the problems. The main content was defined as: the patent process, from the beginning of the idea to the deposit (70%), search for precedence (40%) and informing partners (30%). Development Phase: with the brainstorming, the tool type was defined as an interactive site. Delivery Phase: a prototype with content framework and an interactive video was presented for validation. After approval, the interactive website was developed, which was made available to the public. CONCLUSION: A question and answer tool on patents in EMHO was developed.

Appropriate height of dental chairs for effective administration of chest compressions by female dentists.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate height of a dental chair for the administration of effective chest compressions by female dentists. Materials and methods: We asked 19 female dentists to perform metronome-guided chest compressions at a rate of 100 compressions per minute for 2 min on the floor and on a dental chair. We set the height of the dental chair to 76, 73, 70, 67, and 64 cm. We measured the compression depth and proportion of compressions performed at an adequate depth. We then compared the quality of chest compressions between the tall and short (relative to the average body height) groups of participants. We also asked the participants to specify their preferred compression height or condition for chest compression administration. Results: The participants recorded their maximum chest compression depth (35.0 ± 8.8 mm) at a height of 67 cm. There was no significant difference in chest compression depth between the tall and short groups, irrespective of the compression height. The maximum depth of chest compressions was achieved at a height of 67 cm (from the floor to the compression surface) in both groups, with no significant difference. The participants most frequently identified 67 cm as the most suitable height for the administration of chest compressions. Conclusion: For female dentists, a height of 67 cm is considered suitable for the administration of chest compressions in the standing position, regardless of physique.

Patents on hospital medical and dental equipment (EMHO). Question and answer tool

Abstract Purpose: To create a question and answer tool on patents on EMHO. Methods: Was used the Thinking Design methodology divided into four phases: Discovery, Definition, Development and Delivery. Discovery Phase: Desk research was carried out in: SciELO, Pubmed, LILACS, Google and Google Scholar. Once the target audience was selected, the interviews were conducted. Definition Phase: the interviewees' difficulties were mapped, on an Excel spreadsheet. Development Phase: a brainstorming was conducted with the public interviewed. Delivery Phase: the prototype, validation and final elaboration of the tool were made. Results: Discovery Phase: 10 inventors were identified and the interviews were carried out. Definition Phase: 80% of the interviewees determined lack of information as one of the problems. The main content was defined as: the patent process, from the beginning of the idea to the deposit (70%), search for precedence (40%) and informing partners (30%). Development Phase: with the brainstorming, the tool type was defined as an interactive site. Delivery Phase: a prototype with content framework and an interactive video was presented for validation. After approval, the interactive website was developed, which was made available to the public. Conclusion: A question and answer tool on patents in EMHO was developed.

[Legislative and regulatory framework of medical products circulation]. / Zakonodatel'naia i normativnaia pravovaia baza v sfere obrashcheniia meditsinskikh izdelii.

An important task of modern public health is improvement of quality of rendering of medical aid to the population. Means for its support at all stages of the serve of a medical device (instruments, apparatus, materials, etc.), quality, safety and efficacy which play a key role to maintain and improve the quality of life of the population.

Nuevas modalidades de imagen en el diagnóstico odontológico / New image modalities in dental diagnosis

La radiología odontológica ha jugado un rol fundamental en el diagnóstico odontológico. El avance en la adquisición y procesado de la imagen digital produjo el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías que han revolucionado el manejo del intercambio de la información en odontología. Las radiografías intraorales y extraorales se han adaptado a esa revolución digital. La búsqueda automatizada, el acceso a la literatura en formato electrónico y el intercambio de texto, imágenes y sonido en tiempo real son algunas de las características que lo hacen un elemento imprescindible dentro de la práctica en salud y los actuales estándares de la atención odontológica. El reciente desarrollo de la tomografía computada de haz cónico ha reemplazado el uso de la tomografía computada médica en odontología. En este artículo se hace una introducción en los métodos actuales y en cómo han cambiado el diagnóstico radiológico en odontología.

Dental radiology has played a fundamental role in the dental diagnosis. The advance of the acquisition and processing of the digital image produced the development of new technologies that have revolutionized the management of the information exchange in dentistry. Intraoral and extraoral radiographies have adapted to this digital revolution. The automated search, access to literature in electronic format and the interchange of text, images and sound in real time, are some of the features that make an essential element within the practice in health and the standard of dental care. The recent development of cone beam computerized tomography has replaced the use of computed tomography in dentistry. This article is an introduction to the current methods employed and how they have changed the radiological diagnosis in dentistry.

Atendimento odontológico: eficácia do treinamento e requisitos dos equipamentos para reduzir riscos ergonômicos / Dental care: efficacy of training and equipment requirements to reduce ergonomic risks

Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar a eficácia de um treinamento ergonômico na diminuição de posturas inadequadas adotadas por cirurgiãs-dentistas durante a execução de procedimentos de raspagem periodontal. Sessenta (60) cirurgiãs-dentistas foram alocadas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: o grupo de intervenção - G1, composto por 22 profissionais que receberam instruções e treinamento ergonômico teórico e prático; o grupo controle - G2, composto por 38 profissionais receberam o mesmo treinamento apenas após ao final do estudo. No baseline, utilizou-se um manequim odontológico no qual todas as participantes realizaram procedimentos de raspagem e alisamento dental em 6 faces dentárias, uma em cada sextante: faces vestibulares dos dentes 16, 11, 26 e 31 e faces linguais dos dentes 36 e 46. As observações foram realizadas através de vídeos realizados com 5 câmeras digitais, fixadas num suporte especificamente construído para obtenção de diferentes ângulos de visualização: direita, esquerda, posterior, superior e geral. Realizou-se análise exploratória da distribuição dos dados seguida de análise descritiva e analítica utilizando-se o teste de ANOVA de medidas repetidas com =5%. Foram realizadas 984 análises das quais 720 antes do treinamento e 264 após o treinamento. O treinamento ergonômico possibilitou 63% de redução de prevalência de posturas não recomendadas e houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,00001) entre os grupos controle (inicial e final), intervenção inicial e intervenção final. Concluiu-se que o treinamento ergonômico realizado contribuiu significativamente para diminuir a prevalência de posturas não recomendadas durante a execução de procedimentos básicos periodontais.(AU)

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of an ergonomic training in order to decrease the prevalence of not recommended postures assumed by dentists during dental scaling procedures. Sixty (60) female dentists were randomly allocated into two groups: G1- intervention group - composed by 22 dentists who received theoretical and practical ergonomic training; G2 - control group - composed by 38 professionals received the similar training only after the end of the study. In the baseline, it was used a dental manikin in which all participants performed dental scaling on 6 dental surfaces, one in each sextant of the mouth: buccal surfaces of 16, 11, 26 and 31 teeth and lingual faces of 36 and 46 teeth. The observations were made through videos realized with 5 digital cameras, fixed in a support specifically constructed to obtain different viewing angles: right, left, posterior, superior and general. An exploratory analysis of the data distribution followed by descriptive and analytical analysis was performed using the ANOVA test for repeated measures with = 5%. A total of 1440 observations were performed, 720 before and 720 after training. Ergonomic training decrease the prevalence of not recommended postures in 63%. There was a statistically significant difference (p <0.00001) between the control, pre-training intervention and post-training intervention groups. It was concluded that the ergonomic training was effective to decrease the prevalence of not recommended postures during dental scaling procedures.(AU)

Peligrosidad de los componentes del paquete radiográfico intraoral y líquidos de procesado / Danger of the intraoral radiographic package and developer liquid components

En odontología, para la obtención de imágenes radiográficas intraorales por métodos convencionales, se utilizan paquetes radiográficos que contienen en su interior a la película radiográfica. Luego de la exposición del paquete radiográfico a los rayos X se realiza el procesado, lo cual requiere el uso de líquidos reveladores y fijadores, que son las sustancias químicas que harán posible la visualización de la imagen.Tanto el paquete radiográfico como lo líquidos de procesado presentan en su constitución elementos que, por sus características, pueden ser incluidos enel rubro de “elementos peligrosos” para la salud y para el medio ambiente. En este trabajo de divulgación se pretende realizar un análisis de las características que hacen a la peligrosidad de cada uno de los componentes del paquete radiográfico y de los líquidos —revelador y fijador— usados en el procesado, lo cual es necesario conocer para el manejo seguro y adecuado de este tipo de elementos...

Comparative analysis of 2 resonance frequency measurement devices: Osstell Mentor and Osstell ISQ.

OBJECTIVE: Comparing reliability of Osstell Mentor and Osstell ISQ in implant stability measurement, and assessing whether their measurements are comparable. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Implant stability was measured with both devices on 58 implants in 15 patients. Six measurements were completed with each device with 2 different transducers (3 measurements with each transducer), that is, 12 measurements for each implant. RESULTS: Mean implant stability quotient (ISQ) value with Osstell ISQ was 72.59, 72.47, and 73.17 in the first measurements, respectively. With Osstell Mentor, the results were 72.43, 72.60, and 73.26, respectively; mean ranges were 3.37, 3.60, and 3.75, respectively. However, mean value with Osstell ISQ and Osstell Mentor was 72.87 and 72.04, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.98. This means an almost perfect degree of concordance between both devices. CONCLUSIONS: Resonance frequency analysis systems in Osstell Mentor and Osstell ISQ show almost perfect reproducibility and repeatability.

The dose received by patients during dental X-ray examination and the technical condition of radiological equipment.

BACKGROUND: Implementation of X-ray dental examination is associated with the patients exposure to ionizing radation. The size of the exposure depends on the type of medical procedure, the technical condition of the X-ray unit and selected exposure conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the dose received by patients during dental X-ray examination and the assessment of the technical condition of medical equipment, MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a total number of 79 dental X-ray units located in the region of Mazovia. The test methods for the assessment of the technical condition of dental X-ray units and measurement of radiation dose received by patients were based on the procedures elaborated in the Department of Radiation Hygiene and Radiobiology in the National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene (Warszawa, Poland) accredited for the certification of compliance with PN-EN 17025. RESULTS: The research found that 69.6% fully meets the criteria set out in the Polish legislation regarding the safe use of ionizing radiation in medicine, while 30.4% did not meet some of them. A tenfold difference in the size of the dose received by patients during dental X-ray examinations was discovered. For example, during a radiography of the canine teeth of a child, the recorded entrance surface dose (ESD) ranged from 72.8 to 2430 microGy with the average value of 689.1 microGy. Cases where the dose reference level defined in Polish legislation of 5 mGy was exceeded were also found. CONCKUSIONS: It is essential to constantly monitor the situation regarding the technical condition of X-ray units which affects the size of the population's exposure to ionizing radiation as well as raising dentists' awareness about the effects of X-rays on the human body.